WHAT IS SPONDYLOLISTHESIS?

Spondylolisthesis comes from the Greek words:

• Spondylos – vertebra

• Listhesis – slipping

CAUSES OF SPONDYLOLISTHESIS

1. Developmental (Congenital)

• Natural defect or gap between vertebrae (called lysis)

• Present from early life

It refers to the abnormal slipping of one vertebra over another, leading to:

• Spine instability

• Mechanical back pain

• Possible nerve compression

This is essentially a mechanical problem of the spine, where stability is compromised.

2. Degenerative (Age-related)

• Wear and tear of joints and ligaments

• Weakening of spinal support structures over time

SYMPTOMS OF SPONDYLOLISTHESIS

Many people may not have symptoms.

When symptoms occur, they typically include:

• Lower back pain (most common)

• Pain worsening with standing, walking, or bending

• Pain relieved by rest

DIAGNOSIS

A proper diagnosis helps determine severity and treatment.

Common tests include:

• X-rays
  Show bone structure, alignment, and curvature

• Dynamic (Flexion/Extension) X-rays
  Detect abnormal movement or instability

• MRI Scan
  Evaluates nerves, discs, and spinal cord
  Identifies stenosis or nerve compression

• CT Scan
  Provides detailed images of bone anatomy

Note: These symptoms may overlap with other spine conditions. A proper medical diagnosis is essential.

This is known as mechanical back pain.

In some cases:

• Leg pain (sciatica or radiculopathy)

• Numbness or tingling in the legs

• Muscle weakness

• Nerve-related symptoms due to compression

NON-SURGICAL TREATMENT (FIRST LINE OF CARE)

Most patients improve without surgery.

Treatment includes:

• Physiotherapy
  (Strengthening back, abdominal, and core muscles)

• Posture correction and ergonomic training

• Anti-inflammatory medications

• Pain management for flare-ups
  (including spinal injections if required)

• Weight management and lifestyle modification

WHEN IS SURGERY REQUIRED?

Surgery is considered when:

• Severe or persistent back or leg pain

• Symptoms not improving with conservative treatment

• Progressive nerve symptoms (weakness, numbness)

These measures help stabilize the spine and reduce symptoms.

SURGICAL TREATMENT

The goal of surgery is to:

• Relieve pressure on nerves

• Realign the spine

• Stabilize the affected vertebrae

Modern techniques often use minimally invasive methods for faster recovery.

This involves:

• Removing pressure from nerves

• Fixing the vertebrae in correct position using implants

Common procedure:

• Minimal Invasive Decompression + Spinal Fusion

RECOVERY & LONG-TERM CARE

Recovery focuses on:

• Gradual return to activity

• Core strengthening exercises

• Posture correction

• Lifestyle changes

These help maintain spine stability and prevent recurrence.

Frequently asked questions

Can spondylolisthesis heal without surgery?

As it is a mechanical issue, we can try to control the ailment, in many cases.

Most patients improve with:

• Physiotherapy

• Medications

• Activity modification

• Lifestyle changes

Surgery is only required in severe or non-responsive cases.

Is walking good for spondylolisthesis?

Yes, controlled walking is generally beneficial.

• Helps maintain mobility

• Improves circulation

• Supports recovery

However, excessive or painful activity should be avoided. A guided plan is best.

What activities should I avoid?

• Heavy lifting

• Sudden bending or twisting

• High-impact activities

These can increase instability and worsen symptoms.

What is the best treatment for spondylolisthesis in Mumbai?

The best treatment depends on your condition.

It usually includes:

• Accurate diagnosis (MRI, X-ray)

• Non-surgical care first

• Minimally invasive surgery if required

A personalised treatment plan gives the best results.

Can I live a normal life post surgery for spondylolisthesis?

Yes. With proper care, exercise, and posture correction, most patients:

• Return to normal activity

• Stay pain-free long-term

• Avoid recurrence

When should I see a spine specialist for back pain?

You should consult a specialist if you have:

• Persistent lower back pain

• Pain increasing with standing or walking

• Pain radiating to the legs

• Numbness or weakness

Early diagnosis leads to better outcomes and prevents progression.

Is this a safe procedure?

This is safe and effective surgery that allows immediate restoration of activity. The chances of nerve injury are minimized by use of a microscope. The complication rate can be placed at 1% or less.

Surgical Illustration